Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5636
by Qunying Zhou, Zixuan Gong
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 1 Views
The theory of complex adaptive systems emphasizes the interactions between adaptive agents and their external environment, offering new approaches for establishing dynamic adjustment mechanisms in undergraduate programs. The behavioral choices and interactions among adaptive entities—including governments, universities, markets, teachers, and students—create characteristics of aggregation, diversity, nonlinearity, and “flow” in these adjustment mechanisms, influenced by modular mechanisms, labeling mechanisms, and internal modeling mechanisms. Through nonlinear interactions, these entities spontaneously evolve into organizational systems with information processing and proactive response capabilities. Therefore, building a dynamic adjustment mechanism for undergraduate programs requires respecting diverse needs of multiple stakeholders, shifting from administrative dominance to agent collaboration, creating digital communication platforms, transitioning from “precise prediction” to “agile adaptation,” and establishing feedback and continuous improvement systems.
Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5637
by Wei Xiong
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 1 Views
Under the accelerating transformation of higher education toward digitalization and intelligent learning environments, the effective utilization of teaching resources has become a critical indicator of instructional quality. However, both teachers and students continue to encounter persistent barriers in acquiring, developing, and applying digital resources. Drawing upon a dual teacher–student perspective, this study investigates the practical obstacles and their causal mechanisms in current university teaching resource practices. Based on a mixed-method design combining a questionnaire survey of 200 teachers and 300 students with semi-structured interviews, the study identifies three major constraints: excessive difficulty in resource acquisition and development, high workload in resource production for teachers, and a severe disconnection between resource application scenarios and authentic classroom contexts. To address these issues, the paper proposes an innovative “Active Generation and Contextual Creation” (AGCC) model, integrating pre-class lesson plan uploads and real-time contextual analysis to automatically generate and retrieve resources in an intelligent repository. This model can dynamically match resources with classroom contexts, reduce teacher workload, and enhance adaptive learning experiences. The study concludes with implications for institutional policy, platform design, and future intelligent education systems.
Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5638
by Yuechen Shu
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 1 Views
Under the background of economic globalization, business negotiations hold a crucial position. The dynamics of power influence the direction of negotiations, and language is its core carrier. This study explores the language representation rules and optimization strategies of power dynamics in business negotiation discourse through case analysis. The research first sorts out the theories, clarifying that the sources of power are diverse and have evolved from the traditional fixed structure mainly based on economic strength to a complex form influenced by information technology and cross-cultural factors in modern times. Then, analyze the representation from the three aspects of vocabulary, syntax and pragmatics: strong words show power superiority, while vague words indicate power weakness. The choice of sentence structure and voice is related to the level of power and intention. Verbal acts and conversational strategies reflect power struggles and strategic planning. Analyze the influencing factors such as the subject’s traits, propose corresponding strategies, and point out the future research directions.
Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5639
by Yugui Gao
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 3 Views
Higher education serves as a critical indicator of a nation’s and society’s international competitiveness. As the first resource for the development of higher education, the instructional leadership of college teachers is an important factor and an important force to improve the quality of higher education teaching and to promote the reform and innovation of higher education teaching, as well as an important driving force to promote the process of modernization of education. There are three main levels of factors affecting the instructional leadership of college teachers: The college level, the teacher level and the social level. Taking the analysis of the factors affecting teachers’ instructional leadership as a logic, we put forward the paths to improve teachers’ instructional leadership in colleges: Reshaping the college’s leadership culture, improving the management system, and optimizing the organizational structure; shaping good education and teaching concepts, continuously improving professional knowledge, and innovating education and teaching methods; and establishing a good social and educational value orientation, reinforcing the synergy of the stakeholders, and strengthening the support of education policies.
Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5640
by Wenting Wu
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 1 Views
With the deepening implementation of the “Belt and Road” Initiative, there is a growing social demand for applied Russian talents. However, in the practice of Russian teaching in vocational colleges, the widespread phenomenon of learning burnout among students has become a bottleneck restricting the quality of talent cultivation. Based on frontline teaching experience, this paper deeply analyzes the multidimensional causes of student learning burnout, mainly including: weak academic foundation and low learning efficacy, utilitarian learning motivation and vague goals, single teaching model and lack of language environment, and anxiety arising from uncertain employment prospects. Based on this, and from the perspectives of educational ecology and humanistic theory, this paper proposes the construction of a comprehensive “four-in-one” intervention strategy system. This system aims to reshape students’ self-efficacy, optimize classroom teaching models, create an immersive language environment, and strengthen career guidance and psychological counseling, in order to effectively alleviate learning burnout among vocational college Russian students and enhance their learning motivation and comprehensive vocational abilities.
Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5641
by Hang Peng, Hongyuan Meng, Xin Xia
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 1 Views
The background part of this work was firstly to learn the history of incident data at the SMIS and AEAT Rail derailment database, attributed to the causal factors analysis and the preliminary statistics process. The review of the vehicle acceptance test included the Y/Q derailment criterion and the bogie rotation inspection demonstrated the major technical reason; The track geometry deterioration model was calculated in the Markov Chain transition probabilistic model. The work explained the case analysis in the Porthkerry derailment: the track Vertical Longitudinal Split (VLS) failure mechanism study; the Heworth derailment: the track geometry degradation and Human Reliability Analysis (HRA); the Camden derailment: the freight train unevenly loading derailment compliant to the standard intervention.
Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5642
by Yunzhe Li, Yu Tao
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 1 Views
This study takes an international perspective as the macro background and comprehensively and deeply explores the cultivation approaches of integrating “technology” and “aesthetics” in visual communication education. In the dual environment of the rapid development of digital technology and the accelerated process of globalization, the traditional visual communication education model encounters challenges such as single cultivation ability, disconnection from international frontiers and industrial demands This article first sorts out the evolution of the concept of visual communication education and its international development trend, and establishes a theoretical framework for cultivating both technical and aesthetic aspects. Then, by analyzing the teaching practices and curriculum Settings of domestic and foreign universities, the separation status and integration difficulties of the two dimensions in teaching were pointed out. Moreover, through case analysis and hypothetical data, the effectiveness of the integration of the two aspects in improving students’ innovation ability was proved.
Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5643
by Yu Tao, Yunzhe Li
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 2 Views
This research builds a framework around the STEAM education concept, comprehensively and deeply analyzing the innovative approaches of integrating art design with science and technology in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The paper begins by sorting out the theoretical foundation of STEAM interdisciplinary education and its guiding value for the transformation of traditional art design education towards modernization. Then, by analyzing the teaching practices of representative universities in the Greater Bay Area, this paper truly dissected the implementation methods and effects of strategies such as digital tools, AR/VR, and project-based learning in specific teaching from three aspects: technology application, aesthetic cultivation, and curriculum integration. The research presents an optimization plan with the key being the reconstruction of an interdisciplinary curriculum system and the simultaneous advancement of internationalization and regionalization in teaching strategies. It also offers suggestions on policy support and future research directions, providing systematic theoretical references and practical guidance for building an “art and science integration” talent cultivation model with the characteristics of the Greater Bay Area and in line with future demands.
Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5644
by Liu Xinyu
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 1 Views
This paper systematically examines the development and emerging trends of table tennis receiving techniques in international elite competitions over the past decade through the use of video analysis. By analyzing match footage from significant events such as the Olympic Games and the World Table Tennis Championships, and combining motion recognition with statistical methods, the study identifies changes in crucial aspects of receiving, including reaction time, stroke types, placement distribution, and tactical combinations. The results suggest that contemporary receiving techniques are characterized by increased speed, precision, variability, and consistency. Techniques like the backhand flick, short pushes, and long chops have become more prominent and are now integral to offensive strategies. The findings provide valuable data for athlete training and tactical improvement.
Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5645
by Huilei Wu
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 1 Views
Youth theoretical lectures in universities are a crucial link in ensuring the innovative theories of the Party are understood and embraced by the younger generation. Currently, this work faces practical dilemmas such as content disconnection, formal homogenization, and a weak sense of engagement among youth. “Tracing the Source and Footprints” , as a methodology emphasizing the triple coupling of historical logic, theoretical logic, and practical logic, offers a new perspective to solve these problems. This paper, grounded in the macro-perspective of school-local collaboration, deeply explores the intrinsic connection between “Tracing the Source and Footprints” and youth theoretical lectures, and systematically constructs a practical path model covering four key elements: subjects, content, carriers, and collaboration. The study argues that by integrating the theoretical research advantages of universities with the practical resource endowments of localities, and by building a closed-loop framework of “Tracing Regional Resources — School-Local Collaborative Transformation — Youth Theoretical Identification,” we can effectively enhance the depth, warmth, and efficacy of theoretical lectures. This promotes the transition of youth from passive recipients of theory to firm believers and active practitioners, providing a valuable paradigm for ideological and political work in universities in the new era.
Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5646
by Jiaqi Xu
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 1 Views
This article explores the profound impact of technological development on music education. It points out that since the 1980s, driven by government initiatives, computer and telecommunications-based technologies have been gradually integrated into the education system. This integration has prompted a shift in teaching methodology from teacher-centred knowledge transmission to a student-led framework for exploration primarily facilitated by technological tools. This study defines “music technology” as a broad conceptual domain, whose scope is not limited to digital software (e.g., Soundplant, Audacity) but also encompasses long-standing auxiliary tools such as pitch forks and pianos. Research indicates that the application of music technology has significantly influenced music education. For instance, it makes learning more intuitive through recording and analysis technologies (from phonographs to simulation systems); it stimulates student creativity and fosters unexpected inspiration through exploratory activities; and it promotes interdisciplinary collaboration and a transformation of teacher and student roles through projects like ‘live coding’. In the process of utilizing these new technologies, the role of the teacher also shifts, increasingly becoming that of a supervisor and co-learner in the learning process. Furthermore, technological advancements create pathways for more individuals to learn music more effectively, as exemplified by the “Plug IT” project, which assists individuals with disabilities in participating in music creation, thereby broadening the inclusivity of music. In summary, technology serves as an empowering tool that not only optimizes teaching effectiveness and extends the horizons of possibility and creativity within music education but also enables both educators and learners to discover their individualized insights amid exploratory pursuits.
Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5647
by Jin, Min kou, heung*
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 1 Views
This study aims to explore the impact of teacher-student relationship on students’ academic satisfaction level in calligraphy aesthetic education, as well as the mediating effects of coping styles and self-efficacy in this process. Taking 500 college students from 5 universities offering calligraphy aesthetic education courses as the research subjects, this study collected data through questionnaires. An empirical model was constructed with “teacher-student relationship” as the explanatory variable, self-efficacy, coping styles and grit as mediating variables, and academic satisfaction as the explained variable, and relevant hypotheses were tested. The results show that the teacher-student relationship in calligraphy aesthetic education has a positive impact on academic satisfaction, and self-efficacy, coping styles and grit also play positive mediating roles between the two. This study holds that in calligraphy aesthetic education, teachers should focus on guiding college students to improve teacher-student relationship, cultivate self-efficacy, optimize coping styles and develop grit, so as to enhance students’ academic satisfaction.
Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5648
by Jinyang Li, Chao Han*
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 1 Views
This study explores the relationship between working memory and cognitive load during bilingual subtitle viewing. 42 Chinese university students completed a working memory test and watched an English documentary with bilingual subtitles. After viewing, they reported their perceived intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load using a validated questionnaire. Regression analyses showed that working memory significantly predicted germane load but not intrinsic or extraneous load. These findings suggest that learners with greater working memory are more likely to invest in meaningful learning processes. The study offers insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying multimedia language learning and calls for more individualised approaches in instructional design.
Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5649
by Lin Zinan
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 1 Views
This paper examines the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western narrative painting within the contemporary image-saturated cultural context, focusing on their visual language, structural logic, and cultural functions. It traces the distinct developmental trajectories of both traditions: Western painting evolved from religious narratives to individual expression, ultimately ceding dominance to abstraction, while Chinese narrative painting, influenced by philosophical and societal shifts, developed its own characteristics, particularly a strong secular and collective focus from the Song and Yuan dynasties onwards. The comparative analysis highlights key structural differences: Western painting often employs a fixed, dramatic moment and focal perspective, emphasizing individual heroes, whereas Chinese painting utilizes a flowing, multi-perspective “scenic stroll” approach and often depicts collective scenes. The paper also explores brief historical convergences, such as artistic exchanges during the Qing dynasty, and concludes by reflecting on the potential relevance of narrative painting in countering historical nihilism in the contemporary era, where abstraction prevails. The main critique points to a need for greater academic rigor, clearer research questions, and formal citations.
Open Access
Article
Article ID: 5650
by Ming Zhang
Learning & Education , Vol.14, No.4, 2025; 1 Views
As the digital transformation of education continues to advance, the traditional teaching model of “Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics” —a core course in higher education that combines profound theoretical foundations with practical application—has increasingly revealed pressing challenges such as low teaching efficiency, weak practical components, and difficulties in providing personalized learning guidance. Grounded in the advanced principles of blended learning, this paper explores how to organically integrate digital and intelligent technologies, including but not limited to artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and virtual simulations, into every aspect of the course. It proposes a systematic closed-loop teaching model: “Intelligent Pre-class Preparation—Interactive In-class Exploration—Personalized Post-class Extension.” Specifically, this involves building a resource repository rich in digital teaching materials, developing an intelligent assessment system with real-time learning feedback, and designing multiple practical virtual experiment scenarios. These efforts aim to dynamically optimize course content, accurately profile students ‘learning processes, and deeply cultivate their practical skills. Practical applications demonstrate that this transformation not only significantly enhances students’ learning initiative and enthusiasm but also effectively improves their ability to apply knowledge and solve real-world problems, providing a feasible reference framework and valuable experience for the digital and intelligent reform of mathematics courses in higher education.
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