Optimizing ecosystem of educational institutions: Elevating via positive organizational behavior to enhance employee performance
Abstract
This study examined the correlations between highly entangled variables such as leadership, work environment, effective communication, reward fairness, and physical facilities for faculty members. The data was gathered from faculty members of educational institutions in Pakistan using a survey questionnaire, and the sampling method was purposive sampling. For this study, data was obtained from a varied group of education professionals from several places in Pakistan, each with a distinct degree of education and experience. This study demonstrates how independent factors affect faculty performance and can have a further impact on organizational productivity. The findings indicated that good organizational behavior had a considerable favorable influence on faculty performance. The paper reviews significant literature on the proposed factors and makes recommendations for further research.
References
Adesola, S., & Baines, T. (2005). Developing and evaluating a methodology for business process improvement. Business Process Management Journal, 11(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1108/14637150510578719
Ahmadimousaabad, A., Bajuri, N., Jahanzeb, A., et al. (2013). Trade-off theory, pecking order theory and market timing theory: a comprehensive review of capital structure theories. International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations, 1(1), 11–18.
Al-Ajez, F., & Hallas, D. (2011). The reality of practicum program at the faculty of education at the Islamic University in Gaza and its ways to improve it. The Journal of the Islamic University, 19(2), 1–46.
Amabile, T. M., & Gryskiewicz, N. D. (1989). The creative environment scales: work environment inventory. Creativity Research Journal, 2(4), 231–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400418909534321
Asiabaka, I. P. (2008). The need for effective facility management in schools in Nigeria. New York Science Journal, 1(2), 10–21.
Babatope, B. A. (2010). Problems of facilities in south-west Nigerian universities and the way forward. Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 2(2), 39–43.
Baig, S. A., Rehman, M. Z. U., Naz, A., & Jamil, K. (2022). High core self‐evaluation maintains patient oriented behavior: a motivational model of reward system. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(2), e2488.
Baines, T., Kay, G., Adesola, S., et al. (2005). Strategic positioning: an integrated decision process for manufacturers. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 25(2), 180–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570510577029
Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(2), 147–154. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.515
Barney, J. B., & Wright, P. M. (1998). On becoming a strategic partner: the role of human resources in gaining competitive advantage. Human Resource Management, 37(1), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-050X(199821)37:1<31::AID-HRM4>3.0.CO;2-W
Bass, B. M. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/135943299398410
Becker, B. E., & Huselid, M. A. (1998). Human resources strategies, complementarities, and firm performance. SUNY Buffalo. Unpublished work.
Behrendt, P., Matz, S., & Göritz, A. S. (2017). An integrative model of leadership behavior. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(1), 229–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.08.002
Bonett, D. G., & Wright, T. A. (2014). Cronbach’s alpha reliability: interval estimation, hypothesis testing, and sample size planning. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1960
Brayfield, A. H., & Crockett, W. H. (1955). Employee attitudes and employee performance. Psychological Bulletin, 52(5), 396–424. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045899
Cameron, K. S., & Caza, A. (2004). Introduction. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(6), 731–739. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764203260207
Christmann, A., & Van Aelst, S. (2006). Robust estimation of Cronbach’s alpha. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 97(7), 1660–1674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2005.05.012
Cohen. (2013). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203774441
Cunha, M. P. e, Rego, A., Simpson, A. V., & Clegg, S. (2020). Positive organizational behaviour. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315232249
Eisenberger, R., & Shanock, L. (2003). Rewards, intrinsic motivation, and creativity: a case study of conceptual and methodological isolation. Creativity Research Journal, 15(2–3), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2003.9651404
Fiedler, F. E. (1966). The effect of leadership and cultural heterogeneity on group performance: a test of the contingency model. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2(3), 237–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(66)90082-5
Hadi, S., Tjahjono, H. K., & Palupi, M. (2020). Study of organizational justice in SMEs and positive consequences: systematic review. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(3), 4717–4730.
Hareendrakumar V. R., Subramoniam, S., & Nizar Hussain M. (2020). Redesigning rewards for improved fairness perception and loyalty. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 24(4), 481–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262920946142
Harmuth, H. F. (1969). Applications of Walsh functions in communications. IEEE Spectrum, 6(11), 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1109/mspec.1969.5214175
Haryanto, H., Suharman, H., Koeswayo, P. S., et al. (2023). Does internal control promote employee engagement drivers? A systematic literature review. Australasian Business, Accounting and Finance Journal, 17(4), 182–193. https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v17i4.12
Haryanto, H., Suharman, H., Koeswayo, P. S., & Umar, H. (2023a). Employee engagement in Indonesian logistics industry. Quality - Access to Success, 24(194). https://doi.org/10.47750/qas/24.194.09
Haryanto, H., Suharman, H., Koeswayo, P., & Umar, H. (2023b). Employee engagement in logistics industry: a perspective in Indonesia. Acta Logistica, 10(3), 463–476. https://doi.org/10.22306/al.v10i3.419
Hidi, S. (2015). Revisiting the role of rewards in motivation and learning: implications of neuroscientific research. Educational Psychology Review, 28(1), 61–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9307-5
Hung, K.-P., & Lin, C.-K. (2013). More communication is not always better? The interplay between effective communication and interpersonal conflict in influencing satisfaction. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(8), 1223–1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.05.002
Hur, W.-M., Rhee, S.-Y., & Ahn, K.-H. (2015). Positive psychological capital and emotional labor in Korea: the job demands-resources approach. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(5), 477–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1020445
Hwang, E., Baloglu, S., & Tanford, S. (2019). Building loyalty through reward programs: the influence of perceptions of fairness and brand attachment. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.03.009
Iriqat, R. (2016). Organizational commitment role in mediating the impact of the organizational culture dimensions on job satisfaction for MFIs’ employees in Palestine. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 7(5), 125–135.
Jackson, E. M., Rossi, M. E., Rickamer Hoover, E., et al. (2012). Relationships of leader reward behavior with employee behavior. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 33(7), 646–661. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731211265232
James, L. A., & James, L. R. (1989). Integrating work environment perceptions: explorations into the measurement of meaning. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(5), 739–751. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.5.739
Jasso, G. (1983). Fairness of individual rewards and fairness of the reward distribution: specifying the inconsistency between the micro and macro principles of justice. Social Psychology Quarterly, 46(3), 185. https://doi.org/10.2307/3033790
Kalogiannidis, S. (2020). Impact of effective business communication on employee performance. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(6). https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.6.631
Khanin, D. (2007). Contrasting Burns and Bass: does the transactional‐transformational paradigm live up to Burns’ philosophy of transforming leadership? Journal of Leadership Studies, 1(3), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/jls.20022
Koeswayo, P. S., Haryanto, H., & Handoyo, S. (2024). The impact of corporate governance, internal control and corporate reputation on employee engagement: a moderating role of leadership style. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2296698
Luthans, F. (2002a). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(6), 695–706. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.165
Luthans, F. (2002b). Positive organizational behavior: developing and managing psychological strengths. Academy of Management Perspectives, 16(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2002.6640181
Luthans, F., & Jensen, S. M. (2002). Hope: a new positive strength for human resource development. Human Resource Development Review, 1(3), 304–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484302013003
Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2007). Emerging positive organizational behavior. Journal of Management, 33(3), 321–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307300814
Malhotra, A., Majchrzak, A., & Rosen, B. (2007). Leading virtual teams. Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(1), 60–70. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2007.24286164
Musheke, M. M., & Phiri, J. (2021). The effects of effective communication on organizational performance based on the systems theory. Open Journal of Business and Management, 9(2), 659–671. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2021.92034
Ogwueleka, A. C., & Ogbonna, S. N. (2018). Effect of positive organizational behaviour (POB) characteristics on construction employees’ turnover in Uyo City of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 10(2), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2017.1412610
Park, Y. S., Konge, L., & Artino, A. R. (2020). The positivism paradigm of research. Academic Medicine, 95(5), 690–694. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000003093
Quick, J. C., & Macik-Frey, M. (2007). Healthy, productive work: positive strength through communication competence and interpersonal interdependence. Positive Organizational Behavior, 25–39. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446212752.n3
Quill, T. E. (1995). Barriers to effective communication. The medical interview: clinical care, education, and research. Springer. pp. 110–121.
Renwick, D. (2003). HR managers. Personnel Review, 32(3), 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480310467651
Runfola, A., Perna, A., Baraldi, E., et al. (2017). The use of qualitative case studies in top business and management journals: a quantitative analysis of recent patterns. European Management Journal, 35(1), 116–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2016.04.001
Sadler-Smith, E., Hampson, Y., Chaston, I., et al. (2003). Managerial behavior, entrepreneurial style, and small firm performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 41(1), 47–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-627x.00066
Schuler, R. S., & MacMillan, I. C. (1984). Gaining competitive advantage through human resource management practices. Human Resource Management, 23(3), 241–255. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930230304
Sosik, J. J., Avolio, B. J., & Kahai, S. S. (1997). Effects of leadership style and anonymity on group potency and effectiveness in a group decision support system environment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(1), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.1.89
Tanford, S., Hwang, E., & Baloglu, S. (2017). Evaluation of reward programs based on member preferences and perceptions of fairness. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 27(1), 106–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2017.1329047
Tracey, J. B., Tannenbaum, S. I., & Kavanagh, M. J. (1995). Applying trained skills on the job: The importance of the work environment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(2), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.80.2.239
Urwick, J., & Junaidu, S. U. (1991). The effects of school physical facilities on the processes of education: a qualitative study of Nigerian primary schools. International Journal of Educational Development, 11(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0738-0593(91)90006-T
Wendel‐Vos, W., Droomers, M., Kremers, S., et al. (2007). Potential environmental determinants of physical activity in adults: a systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 8(5), 425–440. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789x.2007.00370.x
Wiersma, U. J. (1992). The effects of extrinsic rewards in intrinsic motivation: a meta‐analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 65(2), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1992.tb00488.x
Wright, T. A. (2003). Positive organizational behavior: an idea whose time has truly come. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(4), 437–442. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.197
Xu, X., Lyu, L., Ma, X., et al. (2021). Gradient driven rewards to guarantee fairness in collaborative machine learning. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 34, 16104–16117.
Younas, A., Majeed, N., & Hassan, Z. (2023). Effect of authentic leadership on academicians’ performance through the lens of positive organizational behavior and knowledge sharing behavior. International Journal of Management Research and Emerging Sciences, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.56536/ijmres.v13i1.383
Youssef, L. (2007). Emerging positive organizational behavior. Journal of Management.
Zwetsloot, G., & Pot, F. (2004). The business value of health management. Journal of Business Ethics, 55(2), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-1895-9
Copyright (c) 2024 Asifa Younas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
