Is Planning a Technical or Political Activity? Discuss in Relation to the History of Planning Theory and Practice
Abstrak
In the field of urban and regional planning, planning plays different roles in different times, it has become a controversial topic that planning is a technical activity or political activity. The objective of this study is to discuss a detailed understanding of the related theories and show the changing process of the position planning as a political activity, rather than a simply technical activity with the development of urban planning, and the results showed the relationship between technical activity and political activity in urban and regioanl planning.Referensi
[1] Arnstein, S. (1969). A Ladder of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), pp.216-224.
[2] Bridge, G. and Watson, S. (2012). The new Blackwell companion to the city.
[3] Davidoff, P (1965) Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning[N]. Journal of the American Institute of Planners.
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