Scolarité des élèves atteints de cancer et rôle des enseignants : une étude exploratoire en Suisse romande
Schooling of Students with Cancer and the Role of Teachers: an Exploratory Study in French-Speaking Switzerland
Abstract
Although rare, a diagnosis of a childhood cancer often has a major impact not only on the sick child, his or her family, and friends but also on his or her school environment. Absenteeism secondary to treatment, side effects, and the various cognitive problems that the disease can cause may lead to school dropouts. However, reintegration into a life that is as normal as possible is desirable and contributes to the child’s emotional stability. It requires the collaboration of many people, including teachers, who play an essential role in this path back to normality. Various studies have shown that the teachers who were best informed about childhood cancer were also those who would best consider the needs of the sick pupil and who would make appropriate school arrangements. In our article, we present the results of an exploratory study that was conducted in the French-speaking part of Switzerland among teachers working in regular schools and by means of a non-standardized questionnaire posted in professional networks. The aim of this research was to establish an initial overview by asking them about the adaptive measures put in place for their pupil, the collaborations within and outside the school, the management of the class, the difficulties experienced, and their needs.
Résumé
S’il reste rare, un diagnostic de cancer chez un élève a souvent un impact majeur non seulement sur l’enfant malade, sa famille et son entourage, mais également sur sa scolarité. L’absentéisme lié aux traitements, les possibles effets secondaires et les divers troubles cognitifs que la maladie peut engendrer amènent parfois à des décrochages scolaires. Pourtant, une réintégration dans une vie la plus normale possible est souhaitable et participe à la stabilité du jeune. Elle nécessite toutefois la collaboration de multiples intervenants, dont les enseignants qui jouent un rôle essentiel dans ce retour à la normalité. Or, diverses études ont démontré que les enseignants les mieux informés sur le cancer de l’enfant étaient aussi ceux qui prenaient le mieux en compte les besoins de l’élève malade et qui mettaient en place des aménagements scolaires adaptés. Dans notre article, nous exposons les résultats d’une étude exploratoire que nous avons menée en Suisse romande auprès d’enseignants exerçant dans l’école ordinaire et par le biais d’un questionnaire non standardisé, posté dans des réseaux professionnels. L’objectif de cette recherche était d’établir un premier état des lieux en les interrogeant sur les mesures adaptatives mises en place pour leur élève, les collaborations internes et externes à l’école, la gestion de la classe, les difficultés éprouvées et leurs besoins.
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